A Critical Review of Freshwater Crayfish as Amphibian Predators Capable Consumers of Toxic Prey?
Functional and physiological resistance of crayfish to amphibian toxins: tetrodotoxin resistance in the white river crayfish (Procambarus acutus)
Abstract
Freshwater crayfish are reported to consume early life-history stages of a number of toxic amphibians. Although previous research indicates toxic amphibians are palatable to crayfish, the potential toxicity associated with consumption of toxic prey has been poorly described. We sought to characterise the supposed tetrodotoxin (TTX) resistance of freshwater crayfish, which have been observed to swallow the eggs and larvae of toxic Taricha Gray, 1850 newts. White river crayfish (Procambarus acutus (Girard, 1852)) consumed 7.seven ± 4.0 Crude-skinned Newt (Taricha granulosa (Skilton, 1849)) eggs (mean ± SD) when offered 10 eggs in controlled feeding trials. Eggs were determined to incorporate a concentration of 1239 ± 571 ng (mean ± SD) of TTX. A dose-response assay was then performed to compare ingested doses with physiological TTX resistance. Crayfish were highly susceptible to TTX when administered as an intramuscular injection; TTX doses of 0.1 mass-adapted mouse units were lethal to 100% of P. acutus crayfish. We established that while crayfish were capable consumers of highly toxic newt eggs, these decapods did non demonstrate physiological resistance to TTX. These findings suggest that crayfish take some functional resistance that renders them capable of consuming TTX-bearing casualty despite a lack of physiological resistance to TTX.
Résumé
Des observations indiquent que les écrevisses d'eau douce consommeraient les premiers stades du cycle de vie de divers amphibiens toxiques. Si des travaux antérieurs indiquent que des écrevisses affectionnent certains amphibiens toxiques, la toxicité potentielle associée à la consommation de proies toxiques due north'a pas été décrite en détail. Nous avons tenté de caractériser la résistance présumée à la tétrodotoxine (TTX) des écrevisses d'eau douce, dont la consommation d'œufs et de larves de tritons toxiques du genre Taricha Gray, 1850 a été observée. Des écrevisses blanches de rivière (Procambarus acutus (Girard, 1852)) auxquelles étaient offerts 10 œufs de triton rugueux (Taricha granulosa (Skilton, 1849)) dans le core d'essais d'alimentation contrôlés ont consommé 7,7 ± 4,0 œufs (moyenne ± ÉT). Il a été déterminé que les œufs avaient des concentrations de TTX de 1239 ± 571 ng (moyenne ± ÉT). Un essai dose-réponse a ensuite été mené pour comparer les doses ingérées à la résistance physiologique au TTX. Les écrevisses étaient très susceptibles au TTX administré par injection intramusculaire; des doses de 0,1 unité-souris ajustée pour la masse étaient létales pour 100 % des écrevisses P. acutus. Nous avons établi que les écrevisses ne présentaient pas une résistance physiologique au TTX, même si ces décapodes pouvaient très bien consommer des œufs de triton très toxiques. Ces constatations donnent à penser que les écrevisses ont une forme de résistance fonctionnelle qui les rend aptes à consommer des proies contenant du TTX malgré l'absence de résistance physiologique à ce composé. [Traduit par la Rédaction]
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Published In
Canadian Journal of Zoology
Book 92 • Number 11 • November 2014
History
Received: 11 May 2014
Accepted: 11 September 2014
Published online: 29 September 2014
Copyright
© 2015.
Key Words
- Rough-skinned Newt
- Taricha granulosa
- white river crayfish
- Procambarus acutus
- predation
- tetrodotoxin
- toxicity
- resistance
Mots-clés
- triton rugueux
- Taricha granulosa
- écrevisse blanche de rivière
- Procambarus acutus
- prédation
- tétrodotoxine
- toxicité
- résistance
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WilsonN.J., StokesA.N., HopkinsG.R., Brodie, Jr.E.D., and WilliamsC.R.. Functional and physiological resistance of crayfish to amphibian toxins: tetrodotoxin resistance in the white river crayfish (Procambarus acutus). Canadian Journal of Zoology. 92(11): 939-945. https://doi.org/10.1139/cjz-2014-0128
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Source: https://cdnsciencepub.com/doi/abs/10.1139/cjz-2014-0128
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